Distribution fauna and flora

Distribution organisms

Distribution of organisms on earth, learned in the branch of biology called biogeography.
According to Alfred Russel Wallace, based on the equality of fauna in certain areas of the earth, it can be 6 regional biogeography the world, are as follows:
Nearktik : North America.
Palearktik : Himalaya to the north Asia, Europe and Africa, the Sahara desert to the north.
Neotropikal : the middle of South America.
Oriental : Asia, Himalaya, the southern part.
Ethiopia : Africa Ethiopia: Africa
Australia: Australia and the island - the surrounding islands.



Fauna distribution in Indonesia

According to the Wallace line, distribution of fauna in the western part, divided into (oriental) and east (Australia) who each marked by a characteristic fauna. Meanwhile, according to Webber lines, between the west and east, or between the Oriental and Australian zones there is a transition. Next is based on the distribution of fauna dissemination:
Wilayah Indonesia Barat (Oriental). Indonesia West Region (Oriental).
Many kinds of monkeys, elephants, tiger, tapir, rhinoceros, wild buffalo, wild pigs and deer.
Eastern Indonesia Region (Australia).
Many kinds of birds eg cassowary, parrot, parakeet, pigeon, and a tuft Some animals have a pocket for example: wallaby kangaroos and tree kangaroos.
The transition zone regions (Oriental and Australian).
ghost birds, squirrel and swine and in the South there is a characteristic that is Anoa animals on the island of Komodo and Komodo there.


Flora distribution in Indonesia


Sampurno Kadarsan, botanist Indonesia, flora in the region including Indonesia Malesiana. Here will described the distribution of flora in Indonesia.
Region tropical rain forest
There are in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Papua, Sulawesi and West Java in a few. The thick forest, heterogeneous and humid.
Regional forest season
There are in Java. The only one type of plant (homogeneous), for example, teak forests.
Regional savannah
There are in the high plains and Madura Gayo (Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam). The grass is usually found tag along bushes or clumps of trees are low.
Pasture (stepa)
, Sumbawa, Flores and Timor. There on the island of Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores and Timor Characteristics of the grass area, a long dry season.


i Benefits of Biodiversity


Diversity of plants and animals used to meet the needs of human life, including:
As a source of food
For example: rice, cassava, sweet potato etc.. It also comes from animal-livestock animals such as cows, chickens, goats, etc..
As a source of clothing and board
Examples: Cotton, jute, yute, silkworm materials needed for making cloth. Teak, mahogany, Lontar needed as building material.
As a source of drugs and cosmetics
Example: Laos, turi, temulawak, ginger etc. Yang used as medicines. The use of flowers such as sandalwood, jasmine, rose, yellow and so is used as the making of cosmetics.


Loss of Biodiversity


Decreasing biodiversity indicate imbalance between demand and capacity of human nature The cause of the loss of biodiversity, among others, as follows:
Fragmentation and habitat loss.
Species introduction.
Over-exploitation of plant and animal species.
Pollution of land, water, and air.
Global climate change.
Industrialization of agriculture and forestry.




Biodiversity Conservation

Utilization of biological resources that are perennially in not balanced can lead to loss of habitat, damage to ecosystems, less of plasma and sperm. This can be prevented by:
Heritage.
Preservation in situ.
Ex situ conservation.